The Prologue - When to Use One, How to Write One

What is a prologue? When should you use one? Should you forget about a prologue and simply start at Chapter 1?

All too often we pick up a published book and read the prologue, then wonder why it was there at all. It doesn't seem to do anything that Chapter One couldn't have done - or that couldn't have been worked in during the story itself. Or the prologue is a scene taken directly from the book - a few paragraphs inserted only to make us keep reading. I feel cheated if I get to a point halfway through the book - or near the end - and find that the prologue is nothing more than a word-for-word excerpt from the book. (Seems like 'entrapment' or something!)

Some writing tutors maintain that a prologue should never be there just to provide atmosphere and to 'hook' the reader. I don't agree; it depends on how it is handled. I think there is a place for a prologue to act as a drawcard for the rest of the story - but please, don't be obvious about it. Don't 'cheat' by just copying a short scene from a 'cliffhanger moment' near the end, pasting it in before Chapter 1 and calling it a prologue.

A prologue should reveal significant facts that contribute to our understanding of the plot. It should be vivid and entertaining in its own right (who wants to read a boring prologue, no matter how much of the background it explains?) It should make us want to read on.

What Is A Prologue?

A prologue is used mainly for two reasons.

  • To outline the backstory quickly and economically, saving the author from having to resort to flashbacks or ruses such as conversations or memories to explain the background to the reader. This is commonly done in science fiction and fantasy to show why a certain quest is being undertaken or what will happen in the future. The prologue is a better option than a first chapter bogged down in detail.

  • To hook the reader and provide the story question right up front, giving them a reason to keep turning the pages to find out the answer. Quite often the prologue relates to a scene near the end of the story, and the story itself then shows what has led up to this moment. When is this justified? Perhaps when you want to introduce your characters in a more leisurely fashion, and your reader's experience with 'meeting' them will be enhanced by some sort of foreshadowing of what is to come. Apart from these two reasons, a prologue can be used to introduce a certain character's viewpoint on one occasion only. The rest of the book may be told from just one other viewpoint, or from several different viewpoint characters that are in some way removed from the one you've used in the prologue. The prologue can bypass the danger of viewpoint violation.

    Do You Need a Prologue?

    The points raised above will probably give you a good idea already of whether you really need a prologue. If you're still not sure, then simply ask:

    • What if I just call the prologue Chapter 1? Will the story flow smoothly from that point anyway? (If the answer is "yes", ditch the prologue.)

    • Do I need to give the readers a fair bit of background information for the story to make sense? (If "yes", the consider doing it in a prologue before the 'real' story starts.)

    • Am I thinking of using a prologue just to hook the reader? (If "yes", then ask yourself why you can't do this just as effectively in Chapter 1 anyway. Do you need to brush up on your technique for creating suspense and conflict? Does your plot need revising? Are you starting your story too early?)
    Perhaps the best way to illustrate the use of a prologue is to actually show one. I've chosen not a prologue to a fantasy - the need for a prologue tends to be more obvious in speculative fiction - but a contemporary novel, Mary Stanley's Revenge (Hodder Headline 2003) Prologue

    Millicent McHarg sat on an iron chair on the patio in the back garden where the Buddha with its green lights resided. She was wearing her winter coat, her grandmother's furs and her felt hat with an ostrich feather. As she said herself, she only wore that particular feather when she was feeling triumphant. Nonetheless she was in a thoughtful mood. Her height, her elegance, her fine-boned features were elegant even in repose.

    The funeral was over and she was planning on how to proceed. She looked up at the house with her apartment attached at the side. The lights were already on and the warmth from inside almost drew her in. Then she turned and looked down at the orchard. For a moment she thought there was movement among the trees, but not being given to fanciful thinking she quickly dismissed the possibility of a ghost. She had other things on her mind. She thought of her granddaughters in the main part of the house and she considered the options.

    She would write the synopsis of a new book, she thought. She would call it Divine Justice, or maybe Retribution. No, she thought. I will call it Revenge. I will never have it published, but I will use it. My God, but I will give it to him, and watch him read it, and then he'll know. I will people it with real characters, and she ran through the list in her mind: Millicent McHarg grandmother and author, known as Grammer to the children

    Maria McHarg her daughter-in-law, known as Mum

    Prunella McHarg eldest granddaughter aged seventeen at the start of the story, known as Plumpet

    Daphne McHarg middle granddaughter aged fourteen and known as Daffers

    Maya McHarg youngest granddaughter, adopted, aged between four and five, known as the Dumpling I'll let them tell the story, Millicent decided. And I'll include Theresa Carmody. She can tell her story too.

    It was very cold on the patio and the plan was forming nicely. The door from her apartment into the garden opened, and Waldorf appeared on the step.

    "Millie," he called, "are you really sitting out there in this weather? Is that really you?"

    "The one and only," she said, which observation pretty much summed her up.

    "I thought I saw a ghost," he commented lightly, "down among the trees."

    "I think not," said Millicent McHarg. "I doubt that a ghost would dare to hover here."

    "Too right," Waldorf replied. A tall thin humorous man, slightly older than Millicent, he talked with a plum in his mouth and was given to wearing a buttonhole, swinging an umbrella and talking in riddles.

    "I'm going in to the girls," he told her.

    "I'll follow in a moment," she replied. "I'm just putting the finishing touches to a new book."

    "I should think you've done enough for one day," he said dryly.

    We'll see about that, she thought.

    The door closed behind Waldorf and she lifted her head. For a moment she thought she could hear the laughter of her granddaughters coming from the house. She sighed, knowing that she had not heard them laugh like that all Christmas, and that it would be a long time before she could hope to hear them laugh like that again.

    ******

    I probably don't need to explain to you why this prologue works so well - but let's examine it in a little more detail anyway.

  • The first paragraph introduces the protagonist - the girls' grandmother and the strongest character in the book. In five sentences we get an excellent sense of the type of woman Millicent McHarg is.

  • The second paragraph makes it clear that this is a significant moment for Millicent. It's after 'the funeral' (whose funeral?) and she is 'considering her options'.

  • She decides to write a book, and the title tells us instantly that she is set on revenge. We don't know yet why, or what she intends to do - but we sure want to find out.

  • She introduces the other main characters and decides she will 'let them tell the story'. We understand instantly that there is a significant story to be told.

  • Waldorf's comment and Millicent's reply arouse our curiosity even more. Why does he say she's 'done enough for one day'? And what does Millicent mean when she thinks, We'll see about that?

  • What has happened to this family to make Millicent think of revenge? Why haven't the girls laughed for so long - and why does she expect it will be some time before they laugh again? After the prologue, the story begins: Chapter 1 - the story of Prunella McHarg. We are happy to settle in and get to know all these characters - because this short prologue has promised us that they will be worth getting to know.

    A Final Test

    Before you make a final decision about whether to write a prologue for your book, do this.

    Spend some time at the library (or at your bookshelves at home, if they are extensive). Pluck books from the shelves, looking for prologues. Read through at least a dozen. More if you can. The time will be well spent.

    Which prologues worked well? Which pulled you into the story? Which cleverly outlined the backstory, getting it out of the way before the story started?

    Which dragged? Which didn't need to be there at all? Which were weighed down by the load of the information they had to carry, and bored you? How could they be fixed?

    Analysis of published work is an excellent way of deciding what works and what doesn't. You are a reader as well as a writer; you know a lot about what readers like. Make sure you're a writer that gives your readers what they need, as well as what you want.

    (c) copyright Marg McAlister

    Marg McAlister has published magazine articles, short stories, books for children, ezines, promotional material, sales letters and web content. She has written 5 distance education courses on writing, and her online help for writers is popular all over the world. Sign up for her regular writers' tipsheet at http://www.writing4success.com/

    efficient cleaning crew Northbrook ..
    In The News:

    Threat intelligence firm Synthient uncovers one of the largest password exposures ever, prompting immediate security recommendations.
    Viral video shared by Elon Musk shows Tesla's Optimus humanoid robots performing tasks from cooking to construction, garnering over 58.5 million views on social media.
    Chinese hackers used Anthropic's Claude AI to launch autonomous cyberattacks on 30 organizations worldwide, marking a major shift in cybersecurity threats.
    Apple's new Sleep Score feature gives you a rating for your nightly rest quality. Learn how to set it up on your Apple Watch and iPhone today.
    Essential phone settings to enable before losing your device, including Find My network, location services and security features for iPhone and Android.
    The Fox News AI Newsletter gives readers the latest AI technology advancements, covering the challenges and opportunities AI presents.
    Cybersecurity research shows weak passwords remain a major threat, with simple patterns and number sequences putting millions of accounts at risk.
    New Android malware BankBot YNRK silences phones, steals banking data and drains crypto wallets automatically. Learn how this advanced threat works.
    FDA approves first human trial for Paradromics' brain-computer interface that could restore speech for paralyzed patients through neural technology.
    New phishing platform QRR targets Microsoft 365 users across 1,000 domains in 90 countries. Learn how to spot fake login pages and protect your accounts.
    OpenTable now uses AI to track your dining habits and share insights with restaurants. Learn what data they collect and how to protect your privacy.
    Google's discontinued Nest thermostats still secretly upload home data to company servers despite losing smart features, raising serious privacy concerns.
    New Android malware NGate steals NFC payment codes in real-time, allowing criminals to withdraw cash from ATMs without your card. Learn protection tips.
    DoorDash confirms data breach exposing customer names, emails, addresses after social engineering attack. Learn how to protect yourself from scams.
    Concerned about Google's AI scanning your Gmail? Learn how to disable Gemini features that access your emails, Drive files and Chat messages for privacy.
    Google warns Android users about dangerous fake VPN apps hiding malware that steals passwords, banking details and personal data from phones and tablets.
    Apple's digital passport feature lets iPhone users breeze through TSA checkpoints this holiday season using Digital ID technology at 250+ airports.
    A new phishing scam targets family photos with fake "Cloud Storage Full" alerts. Criminals steal credit card information through fake sites. Learn protection tips.
    South Korean scientists create ultra-thin fabric muscles that turn clothes into robotic assistants, lifting 33 pounds while weighing under half an ounce.
    Archer Aviation has acquired Hawthorne Airport for $126M to launch an LA air taxi network ahead of the 2028 Olympics, featuring AI-powered eVTOL operations and next-gen aviation tech.
    Stay up to date on the latest AI technology advancements and learn about the challenges and opportunities AI presents now and for the future.
    Fake AI apps disguised as "ChatGPT" and "DALLĀ·E" are flooding app stores with dangerous malware that steals data and monitors users without detection.
    Fake buyers demand specific vehicle reports from unknown sites to steal credit card information from car sellers, but warning signs can help identify these scams before paying.
    Android users can now manage apps across multiple devices more easily with Google Play Store's updated remote uninstall button in the latest update.
    NASA's Perseverance rover discovers shiny metallic rock on Mars that could be a meteorite from an ancient asteroid, containing high levels of iron and nickel.
  • Tips For Better Writing

    It is certainly true that we don't get a second... Read More

    Screenwriting, Screenplays, Screenwriters ? Good Ideas for Stories

    The principle for writing good screenplays begins with good idea... Read More

    Making Money from Freelance Writing

    Making Money from Freelance WritingIt's the question that every aspiring... Read More

    Top Seven Ways to Select a Book Topic That Sells

    Authors need to write their book according to their target... Read More

    Time-Saving Skills to Get More from Your Writing

    As you set out to create your first niche non-fiction... Read More

    Unusual Points of View

    Most writers are familiar with first and third points of... Read More

    Beginnings

    Just about everyone is familiar with this beginning: "In the... Read More

    A Writers Tools

    If you are like most writers, you're constantly searching for... Read More

    Why I Write Horror

    These are some of the snapshots I carry with me:... Read More

    A Single Technique

    Writing is hard work, and like all hard work, one... Read More

    Win More Clients, Projects and Freelance Jobs By Making Three Small Changes

    I???ve spoken to hundreds of editors, employers, and project managers... Read More

    Your Words Will Determine Your Business!

    Be careful when you write.Words you use, sentences you phrase... Read More

    Need a Book Coach, Ghost Writer, or Editor? Part 1

    If you either want to write a book to help... Read More

    How to Build Your Site with Other Peoples Content -- Part 1

    Building a new website can be extremely exciting. Seeing your... Read More

    A Perfect Day for Writers

    In one of the exercises in my "Getting Started as... Read More

    Getting To Know Your Characters

    Interesting characters that readers care about are the most important... Read More

    Writer?s Web Resources

    The Internet has truly revolutionized the careers of writers worldwide.... Read More

    Dont Forget That Manual!

    No user manual? Surely you jest!It may seem comical, but... Read More

    Italics Part 1 - Do You Need to Use Italics?

    Next time you're tempted to use italics for emphasis... STOP!"Why?"... Read More

    Blank Mind, Blank Screen: Need Ideas!

    Q. I'm staring at a blank screen with an equally... Read More

    Best Writing Advice I Ever Got

    I've been in the communications business a long time?over 25... Read More

    Writing Query Letters

    A QUERY LETTER is written to an editor or agent... Read More

    Ten Tips To Get Started Writing Your Book

    You are far more likely to successfully write and publish... Read More

    Documenting Everything: Your Journal is Your Logbook

    Sailors had it for years. Great explorers had it as... Read More

    Tips for First Time Authors : 2 Easy Steps to Make Your First Book a Success

    Congratulations on writing your first book. That is quite an... Read More

    cleaning lady near Wilmette ..